.: My Letters 4 My Life :.

28 July 2010

Dukuh dan Persandian RI

Oleh : A. Maulana*

Dukuh merupakan salah satu Pedukuhan yang terletak di Desa Purwoharjo, Kecamatan Samigaluh, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Pada masa perang kemerdekaan tahun 1940-an, peran Dukuh selain bagian dari wilayah perjuangan Tentara Republik Indonesia (TRI) di Yogyakarta, juga bagian dari sejarah eksistensi persandian nasional mengawal perjuangan kemerdekaan RI.


Sejarah persandian di Dukuh dimulai sesaat setelah terjadinya serangan militer Belanda ke Yogyakarta dini hari pada tanggal 19 Desember 1948, yang terkenal dengan Agresi Militer Belanda II. Agresi Belanda tersebut membuat situasi pemerintahan di Yogyakarta menjadi tidak stabil, termasuk kegiatan hubungan code (komunikasi sandi) yang waktu itu berkantor di jalan Batanawarsa 32 (sekarang Jl. I Dewa Nyoman Oka) Yogyakarta.


Sebagian dari mereka ada yang masih bertahan untuk berkomunikasi di Yogyakarta, sebagian lain hijrah ke tempat lainnya yang lebih aman dan sebagian lain ada yang membakar dokumen-dokumen penting atau rahasia untuk menghindari dari temuan musuh (Belanda). Upaya untuk membumihanguskan kantor tidak bisa diteruskan karena tentara Belanda sudah menembaki pegawai di kantor dari jembatan Gondolayu.

Beberapa dari mereka yang bertahan di Yogyakarta bergabung dengan salahsatu kesatuan yang mempunyai hubungan Code atau yang mempunyai pemancar radio. Ini dimaksudkan agar mereka masih bisa melakukan komunikasi atau hubungan code dengan rekan lainnya. Salahsatu lokasi yang ditempati mereka adalah Dekso, sebuah desa kecil di tepi barat Kali Progo di kaki Pegunungan Manoreh. Di dekat daerah Dekso ini pula terdapat Markas Kepala Staf Angkatan Perang (KSAP), yang berkedudukan di Desa Banaran (sekitar 5 km dari Dekso). Sebagian dari mereka ini ada yang meneruskan perjalanan ke Jawa Barat, termasuk dr. Roebiono Kertopati dan sebagian lain tetap bertahan di Yogyakarta.


Beberapa dari personil bagian Code yang bertahan di Yogyakarta bergabung dengan KSAP di Banaran. Sebagian dari mereka (Letnan II Soemarkidjo dan Letnan Muda Soedijatmo) yang di KSAP membentuk bagian Code di Dekso, yang diperbantukan pada PHB (Perhubungan) Angkatan Perang. Bagian Code ini kemudian pindah lokasi ke Dukuh. Saat itu, Letnan Soemarkido diberikan amanat sebagai Kepala Kamar Code dan tugas tambahan dalam rangka pengamanan terhada KSAP. Tamu-tamu KSAP harus mendaftar dulu di “check-point I” di Staf PHB Angkatan Perang di Dekso, kemudian di “check-point II” di Dukuh (Letnan Soemarkidjo). Selama di Dekso tersebut dilakukan komunikasi Code antara personil/kesatuan Angkatan Perang, termasuk hubungan ke pemerintah (PDRI) di Sumatera, Jawa Tengah dan Playen.


Hubungan komunikasi Code tersebut berjalan sampai kembalinya Yogyakarta ke pangkuan RI, paska persetujuan Konferensi Meja Bundar. Beberapa mereka yang bertugas di bagian Code di sekitar Yogyakarta pun segera masuk ke Kota Yogyakarta, termasuk personil-personil bagian Code di bawah pimpinan Letnan I Soemarkidjo. Setelah kondisi Yogyakarta kembali stabil, bagian Code kemudian pindah kembali ke Yogyakarta menjadi Bagian Code MBKD (Markas Besar Komando Djaja).


Foto kantor Lemsaneg di Ragunan, Jakarta Selatan

Seiring perkembangannya, bagian Code tersebut menjadi Dinas Code Angkatan Perang dan kemudian berubah lagi menjadi Djawatan Sandi Angkatan Perang RI. Waktu itu, lokasi Djawatan Sandi berada di sebuah Pavilyun Kantor Menteri Soepeno, jalan Mahameru 1, Yogyakarta. Paska persetujuan KMB, berangsur-angsur kegiatan pemerintahan di Yogyakarta berpindah ke Jakarta, termasuk Djawatan Sandi. Djawatan Sandi ini lah yang dalam perkembangannya berubah menjadi Lembaga Sandi Negara yang eksis sampai sekarang ini.

Referensi:
Buku “Sejarah Persandian Republik Indonesia” (Paguyuban Mantan Sandiman, 1991)


*Penulis adalah Anggota Tim Pengembangan Museum Sandi (2009), tinggal di Jakarta (Tulisan ini dimuat di Majalah Sanapati Edisi II, Nopember 2009, pada kolom "Sejarah", Foto diambil dari Majalah Sanapati dan Arsip Tim Museum Sandi).

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